Executive functions across the life span: methodological and genomic aspects

Heilbronner, Urs (2022): Executive functions across the life span: methodological and genomic aspects. Habilitationsschrift, LMU München: Medizinische Fakultät

Abstract

The term Executive Functions (EFs) denotes higher cognitive functions that are responsible for controlling and coordinating mental processes, serving the attainment of behavioral goals. The construct, albeit lacking a concise definition, includes an array of meta-cognitive processes such as inhibition, set-shifting, working memory, and verbal fluency. It has been shown that EFs can be divided into subfunctions, having both common and separable behavioral underpinnings that share a polygenic basis, and are distinct from but related to general intelligence. Neurotypical EF critically depends on the integrity of the prefrontal cortex, and its interconnected areas. Importantly, EFs are impaired in many mental disorders, e.g. in schizophrenia. The present thesis summarizes five studies that focus on different areas of the EF construct. Some studies have a methodological emphasis, and most of them are relevant to the longitudinal course of EFs across the lifespan. Behavioral (Heilbronner & Pollmann, 2010), neuronal (Heilbronner & Münte, 2013), clinical (Heilbronner et al., 2016), and genomic (Heilbronner, Papiol, et al., 2021, Wendel et al., 2021) aspects are addressed. Results show EFs to dynamically change across the life span, both in health and disease, with a pronounced genetic influence. Future research on EF could benefit from the integration of cross-sectional and longitudinal data, and from the use of latent phenotypes.

• Dokumententyp: Habilitationsschriften
• Keywords: cognitive, inhibition, prefrontal, psychiatry, longitudinal
• Themengebiete: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften ; 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften > 610 Medizin und Gesundheit
• Fakultäten: Medizinische Fakultät
• Sprache der Hochschulschrift: Englisch
• Datum der mündlichen Prüfung: 2022